Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Rapid Evolution of Multidrug Resistance in a Candida lusitaniae Infection during Micafungin Monotherapy

doi: 10.1128/aac.00543-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Timeline of hospital admission, clinical isolate collection, and micafungin therapy. All isolates are single-colony cultures originating from individual blood culture specimens. Isolates are numbered by day of admission and order of specimens (e.g., D1.2 is day 1, isolate number 2). See Table S1 for isolate details.

Article Snippet: The MIC values for fluconazole (product no. J62015; Alfa Aesar) and micafungin (product no. HY16321; Medchemexpress) were determined by broth microdilution performed in YPAD medium with 1% dextrose as described previously ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Rapid Evolution of Multidrug Resistance in a Candida lusitaniae Infection during Micafungin Monotherapy

doi: 10.1128/aac.00543-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Decreased drug susceptibility and tolerance appeared within 9 days of echinocandin monotherapy during C. lusitaniae infection. Heatmaps of relative growth at increasing concentrations of antifungal drug (MICs) and bar charts of tolerance (supra-MIC growth [SMG]) for three drug classes. The MIC is marked with a yellow bar for each isolate. MIC 50 is the lowest concentration of drug that decreased the 24-h growth to less than 0.5 of the growth of the no-drug control, and MIC 90 is the lowest concentration of drug that decreased the 24-h growth to less than 0.9 of the growth of the no-drug control (see Materials and Methods). SMG is the proportion of growth at 48 h in all wells with drug concentrations above the MIC relative to the growth of the no-drug control. (A) Micafungin (MCF) SMG and MIC 50 . (B) Fluconazole (FLC) SMG and MIC 50 . (C) Amphotericin B (AMB) SMG and MIC 90 . Each plot represents the average values from 3 independent assays.

Article Snippet: The MIC values for fluconazole (product no. J62015; Alfa Aesar) and micafungin (product no. HY16321; Medchemexpress) were determined by broth microdilution performed in YPAD medium with 1% dextrose as described previously ( ).

Techniques: Infection, Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Rapid Evolution of Multidrug Resistance in a Candida lusitaniae Infection during Micafungin Monotherapy

doi: 10.1128/aac.00543-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: The isolate with the greatest increase in the micafungin MIC value did not have a significant fitness cost relative to the fitness of drug-sensitive isolates. Shown are the 24-h growth curve and a box plot of the mean 24-h area under the logistic curve (AUC-L) values for all serial isolates in the absence and presence of micafungin (MCF). Isolates are grouped by MCF MIC results. The number of isolates per group is indicated on the x axis of each box plot. (A) Growth and mean AUC-L values in YPAD medium. (B) Growth and mean AUC-L values in 0.016 μg/mL MCF. A single isolate (D1.2) did not reach stationary phase and is labeled on the growth curve. (C) Growth and mean AUC-L values in 0.031 μg/mL MCF. Groups with any statistically significant difference in pairwise comparison of mean values are marked by asterisks in the box plot (***, P ≤ 0.001; ****, P ≤ 0.0001; see Table S3 for all statistical comparisons). Growth curves were performed in triplicate; mean slope values and standard deviations are shown. See Table S3 for growth curve summary statistics, Welch’s ANOVA omnibus testing of group mean AUC-L values, and Games-Howell post hoc pairwise testing.

Article Snippet: The MIC values for fluconazole (product no. J62015; Alfa Aesar) and micafungin (product no. HY16321; Medchemexpress) were determined by broth microdilution performed in YPAD medium with 1% dextrose as described previously ( ).

Techniques: Labeling, Comparison

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Identification of Antifungal Compounds against Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Utilizing a High-Throughput Drug-Repurposing Screen

doi: 10.1128/AAC.01305-20

Figure Lengend Snippet: Workflow and optimization. (A) Scheme of anti-Candida auris susceptibility assay. Candida auris harvested from colonies grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) were incubated in RPMI medium with compounds to identify inhibitors. (B and C) Optimization of the ATP-based antifungal susceptibility assay by fungal density and incubation time. Cells were diluted with fresh medium into ratios of 1 to 1,000, 1 to 500, and 1 to 200 prior to dispensing into assay plates. (B) Fungal growth was detected by an ATP-based assay at 24 and 48 h. (C) Two known compounds, posaconazole and micafungin, were tested against strains 0384 and 0390 to serve as a positive control.

Article Snippet: Micafungin sodium (catalog no. GN26615) was purchased from Aurum Pharmatech LLC (Franklin Park, NJ).

Techniques: Drug Susceptibility Assay, Incubation, ATP Assay, Positive Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Method for the Determination of Related Substances of Micafungin Sodium in Drug Substances

doi: 10.3390/ijms141121202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemical structures of micafungin sodium and its impurities 1–6.

Article Snippet: Related substances of micafungin sodium impurities 1–6 were provided by ShangPharma Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Method for the Determination of Related Substances of Micafungin Sodium in Drug Substances

doi: 10.3390/ijms141121202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative chromatograms of ( A ) diluent, ( B ) micafungin sodium spiked with 0.5% of impurities 1–6.

Article Snippet: Related substances of micafungin sodium impurities 1–6 were provided by ShangPharma Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Method for the Determination of Related Substances of Micafungin Sodium in Drug Substances

doi: 10.3390/ijms141121202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Precision-repeatability and precision-intermediate of impurities of micafungin sodium.

Article Snippet: Related substances of micafungin sodium impurities 1–6 were provided by ShangPharma Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Method for the Determination of Related Substances of Micafungin Sodium in Drug Substances

doi: 10.3390/ijms141121202

Figure Lengend Snippet: The percent recovery of related substances of micafungin sodium from triplicate preparations.

Article Snippet: Related substances of micafungin sodium impurities 1–6 were provided by ShangPharma Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Method for the Determination of Related Substances of Micafungin Sodium in Drug Substances

doi: 10.3390/ijms141121202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chromatogram of micafungin sodium under stress conditions: ( A ) acid hydrolysis; ( B ) base hydrolysis; ( C ) aqueous hydrolysis; ( D ) oxidative degradation; ( E ) photolytic degradation and ( F ) thermal degradation.

Article Snippet: Related substances of micafungin sodium impurities 1–6 were provided by ShangPharma Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Method for the Determination of Related Substances of Micafungin Sodium in Drug Substances

doi: 10.3390/ijms141121202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of related substances of micafungin sodium in bulk samples by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Article Snippet: Related substances of micafungin sodium impurities 1–6 were provided by ShangPharma Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Standardisation of high throughput microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing for Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74068-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC (µg/mL) of tested antifungals against C. Albicans ATCC 90028 in 384-well non-binding surface (NBS) plates, by OD 630 readout ( n = 4). # amphotericin B prepared from solution stock.

Article Snippet: Fluconazole (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. 8929), amphotericin B (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. A4888 as powder; Sigma Aldrich Cat No. A2942 as solution in deionized water), 5-fluorocytosine (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. F7129), posaconazole (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. 32103), voriconazole (Cayman Chemical Cat No. 15633), ketoconazole (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. K1003), itraconazole (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. I6657), caspofungin diacetate (Sigma Aldrich No. SML0425), anidulafungin (Carbosynth Cat No. FA16270) and micafungin sodium (Carbonsynth Cat No. FM34148) were purchased from the indicated suppliers.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Standardisation of high throughput microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing for Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74068-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC (µg/mL) of tested antifungals against C. Neoformans var. Grubii (H99) ATCC 208821 in 384-well NBS plates, by OD 570 − 600 readout with resazurin ( n = 4). # amphotericin B prepared from solution stock, * literature MICs for 5-flucytosine against C. neoformans are not strain specific.

Article Snippet: Fluconazole (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. 8929), amphotericin B (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. A4888 as powder; Sigma Aldrich Cat No. A2942 as solution in deionized water), 5-fluorocytosine (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. F7129), posaconazole (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. 32103), voriconazole (Cayman Chemical Cat No. 15633), ketoconazole (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. K1003), itraconazole (Sigma Aldrich Cat No. I6657), caspofungin diacetate (Sigma Aldrich No. SML0425), anidulafungin (Carbosynth Cat No. FA16270) and micafungin sodium (Carbonsynth Cat No. FM34148) were purchased from the indicated suppliers.

Techniques: Inhibition